What vital sign should be closely monitored in a child with nephrotic syndrome?

In children with nephrotic syndrome, closely monitoring all vital signs—body temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate—is crucial due to the multifaceted nature of the condition. Nephrotic syndrome can lead to significant physiological changes that can affect these vital signs.

Monitoring body temperature is important because children with nephrotic syndrome are at increased risk for infections, especially as a result of low immunoglobulin levels and edema, which can impair immune response. A rise in temperature could indicate an underlying infection that requires prompt attention.

The respiratory rate can also serve as an important indicator of the child’s overall status. Edema associated with nephrotic syndrome can lead to abdominal and thoracic pressure changes, potentially impairing breathing. An increased respiratory rate might indicate respiratory distress or pleural effusion, conditions that can develop in these patients.

Heart rate is monitored as well, since nephrotic syndrome can lead to fluid imbalances, including hypovolemia (low blood volume) or fluid overload, which can influence cardiac function. An elevated heart rate may be a compensatory mechanism reflecting the body’s response to these changes.

Thus, because all these vital signs offer insight into the child's current health state and can reveal complications associated with nephrotic syndrome